Psi Cassiopeiae is a triple star 193 light-years from Earth. Cassiopeia (pronunciation) is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the vain queen Cassiopeia in Greek mythology, who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. Eta Cassiopeiae (Achird[24]) is a spectroscopic binary star with a period of 480 years, and a suspected RS Canum Venaticorum variable. Rotating at about 92% of its critical speed, Caph completes a full rotation every 1.12 days. NGC 457 is looser, and its brightest member is Phi Cassiopeiae, a white-hued supergiant star of magnitude 5.0. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is "Cas". [5], The people of the Marshall Islands saw Cassiopeia as part of a great porpoise constellation. [35], NGC 457 is another open cluster in Cassiopeia, also called the E.T. Cassiopeia was famous for her beauty and her hubris, and it was her boastfulness that resulted in her daughter Andromeda being left as a sacrifice. Her name in Greekis Κασσιόπη, which means "she whose words excel". The Washington Double Star Catalog", "The bow shock of Kappa Cassiopeiae, a massive, hot supergiant", The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Cassiopeia, Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (over 150 medieval and early modern images of Cassiopeia), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassiopeia_(constellation)&oldid=983078552, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 October 2020, at 03:21. The charioteer's whip was represented by Gamma Cassiopeiae, sometimes called "Tsih", the Chinese word for "whip". Gamma Cassiopeiae has a minimum magnitude of 3.0 and a maximum magnitude of 1.6, but is generally near magnitude 2.2, with unpredictable fades and brightenings. The constellation hosts some of the most luminous stars known, including the yellow hypergiants Rho Cassiopeiae and V509 Cassiopeiae and white hypergiant 6 Cassiopeiae. IC 10 is an irregular galaxy that is the closest known starburst galaxy and the only one in the Local Group of galaxies. It is the remnant of a supernova that took place approximately 300 years ago (as observed now from Earth; it is 10,000 light-years away),[35] and has the distinction of being the strongest radio source observable outside the Solar System. However, no direct evidence of this companion has been found, leading to speculation that it might be a white dwarf or other degenerate star. It was perhaps observed as a faint star in 1680 by John Flamsteed. [22], but this has never been confirmed. The Heart Nebula and the Soul Nebula are two neighboring emission nebulae about 7,500 light-years away. It has an overall magnitude of 6.4 and is approximately 10,000 light-years from Earth, lying in the Perseus arm of the Milky Way. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive 'W' shape, formed by five bright stars. The dimensions of the bow shock are vast: around 12 light-years long and 1.8 light-years wide. Cepheus and Cassiopeia were placed next to each other among the stars, along with Andromeda. The galaxies Maffei 1 and Maffei 2 are located just to the south of the Heart and Soul Nebula. It has around 450 times the Sun's diameter and 17 times its mass, having begun life 45 times as massive as the Sun. It contains more than 100 stars, which vary widely in brightness. However, one is prevalent in the myths of ancient Greeks. [32] The two massive stars are so close to each other they distort each other into egg-shapes.[33]. This brought the wrath of Poseidon, ruling god of the sea, upon the kingdom of Ethi… Rho Cassiopeiae is about 10,000 light-years from Earth. The first, designated 3C 10 or just Tycho's Supernova Remnant, is the aftermath of the supernova called Tycho's Star. Cassiopeia was a woman in Macedonian mythology. Tycho Brahe's supernova was visible within Cassiopeia, and the star Tycho G is suspected of being the donor of the material that triggered that explosion. [37], IC 10 is an irregular galaxy that is the closest known starburst galaxy and the only one in the Local Group of galaxies. [5] In Hawaii, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Cassiopeiae were named. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion ("The fortress of Gwydion") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod ("The Fortress of Arianrhod") being the constellation of Corona Borealis. NGC 663 is both closer, at 8200 light-years from Earth, and larger, at 0.25 degrees in diameter. Cassiopeia is located in the northern sky and from latitudes above 34°N it is visible year-round. [10][c] High in the northern sky, it is circumpolar (that is, it never sets in the night sky) to viewers in the British Isles, Canada and the northern United States. The constellation is named after Cassiopeia, the queen of Aethiopia. [30][31], AO Cassiopeiae is a binary system composed of an O8 main sequence star and an O9.2 bright giant that respectively weigh anywhere between 20.30 and 57.75 times and 14.8 and 31.73 times the mass of the Sun. Its most prominent member is actually a closer, superimposed double star; it consists of a 7th-magnitude primary and 10th-magnitude secondary. [5], A figure called the "Tinted Hand" also appeared in the stars of Cassiopeia in some Arab atlases. If the Earth's Sun could be observed from α Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, it would be visible in Cassiopeia as a yellow-white 0.5 magnitude star, far brighter than any of the other stars of the constellation. In Chinese astronomy, the stars forming the constellation Cassiopeia are found among three areas: the Purple Forbidden enclosure (紫微垣, Zǐ Wēi Yuán), the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ), and the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ). [39], The December Phi Cassiopeiids are a recently discovered early December meteor shower that radiates from Cassiopeia. [22], The other prominent open clusters in Cassiopeia are NGC 457 and NGC 663, both of which have about 80 stars. [5], Other cultures see a hand or moose antlers in the pattern. [5][6], Cassiopeia has been variously portrayed throughout her history as a constellation. The Chinese astronomers saw several figures in what is modern-day Cassiopeia. Upsilon was later found to be two stars and labelled Upsilon1 and Upsilon2 by John Flamsteed. [11] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930,[b] are defined by a polygon of 30 segments. In 1572, Tycho Brahe's supernova flared brightly in Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia includes V509 Cassiopeiae, a second example of the extremely rare yellow hypergiants, which is around 400,000 times as luminous as the Sun and 14 times as massive,[28] as well as 6 Cassiopeiae which is a hotter white hypergiant. A rich section of the Milky Way runs through Cassiopeia, stretching from Perseus towards Cygnus, and it contains a number of open clusters, young luminous galactic disc stars, and nebulae.

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