what three waterways did the anaconda plan hope to block?

We cannot recall seeing another instance of Lincoln interjecting his own feelings into his wartime correspondence or documents, which were almost uniformly impersonal and to the point. For added protection, slabs of five-inch-thick oak were added during the conversion. Possession of these waters would also help eliminate the threat to U.S. shipping from rebel privateers – a significant problem that threatened to grow and was already causing disruptions to trade as marine insurance rates in the north sky-rocketed. As the war progressed, Confederate guerrillas became skilled at destroying Union road and rail communications. But it did seriously weaken the ability of the states in rebellion to fight. Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan meant to slowly squeeze the South dry of its resources, blocking all coastal ports and inland waterways to prevent the importation of goods or the export of cotton. In a few hurried words, not waiting for any forms or ceremonies, Fox communicated the news, and then he and Lincoln fell into each other’s arms. (2011, May 9). “…The President was called and when our errand was hinted to him he immediately came in his night shirt. Secondly, a strong column of perhaps 80,000 men should use the Mississippi River as a highway to thrust completely through the Confederacy. In a few weeks, as the state militias were incorporated into the national service, the militias of Indiana and Illinois were added to his command. President Abraham Lincoln’s Original Signed Proclamation Conveying the Coveted “Thanks of Congress” to the Commodore Whose Victory in 1861 Led to the First Raising of the U.S. [23], When Fernandina was seized in early March 1862, the war was almost a year old, and some important changes had taken place. Commander John Rodgers bought three side-wheelers; by the time of Grant’s attack on Belmont, they had been transformed into river gunboats. It remained accessible to blockade runners for the rest of the war but, like all of the Trans-Mississippi, was rendered worthless to the Rebellion when the loss of Vicksburg completed Federal control of the Mississippi River.[33]. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anaconda_Plan&oldid=980076921, Military history of the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. All parties recognized from the start that the blockading ships would have to be powered by steam. The plan was originally made by Winfield Scott. Anaconda plan. Robert E. Lee's Civil War Battles. the north in. ORN I, v. 12, pp, 195–198, 198–201, 201–206; v. 16, pp. No one seriously contends that it alone would have won the war for the North. [13] The Army did not attempt to take Vicksburg until November, and then the Army was under the leadership of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, after Halleck had been called to Washington to replace McClellan as General-in-Chief. Their stated belief was that if a few strongholds were taken, the Confederacy would collapse. 3/31/2010 08:07:44 am. The transports and auxiliaries carried a landing force of two New York infantry regiments, for a total of slightly more than 900 men. For that matter, the blockade itself had to be modified by events, provoking much of the bloodshed that he hoped to avoid. This article by Donald J. Roberts II first appeared in the Warfare History Network on February 2, 2019. On July 9, 1863, he surrendered the post and its garrison to the Federal Army of the Gulf and its commander, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. First, it was never very effective. In early 1861, the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Army, General Winfield Scott, developed what he called the “Anaconda Plan,” which aimed to squeeze the Confederacy by blockading its ports, launching amphibious attacks at key points along the Southern coast, and seizing control of vital inland waterways such as the Mississippi River. The task force Stringham commanded was the largest that the U.S. Navy had assembled up to that point in the war. [24] Only three of these were on the Atlantic seaboard: Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah. Firstly, the Kanawha was not suited for water transport and so the march on Richmond would have to be overland and thus subject to breakdowns of men, horses, and equipment. According to historian Rowena Reed, much of the impetus for the Blockade Board came from Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase; the US Revenue Service, which would be strongly affected by the blockade, was a part of the Treasury Department. The snake image caught on, giving the proposal its popular name. a. After New Orleans fell to the Union fleet under Farragut on April 29, 1862, Mobile was the only serious problem for the blockade. This was easily done, as on September 16, 1861, it was abandoned by its Rebel defenders, who feared that they might be cut off from the mainland. You benefit from our decades of experience in designing and creating beautiful, compelling, and protective framed historical documents. [6] He proposed an immediate march on Richmond, by now the capital of the Confederacy, directed up the Kanawha River. [30], The blockade of Confederate ports on the Gulf of Mexico was less important than that on the Atlantic. In August 1864, Farragut got permission from the Navy Department and troops from the War Department to seize the forts at the entrance to Mobile Bay. It changed the world more than any other single event in history. While all this was going on, the local defenders were not passive. Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond b. Isolate the wealthy port cities of Texas c. Cut off access to coastal ports and inland waterways d. Target civilians to destroy the will of southern resistance. It consisted of three steam frigates, three gunboats, and a converted sidewheel steamer, which all told mounted 149 guns, including modern, rifled naval guns. According to her view, the Anaconda is a later conceptual imposition on events for which order did not exist at the time that they took place. To the extent that fighting in the West before mid-1863 can be regarded as preparing for or culminating in the capture of Vicksburg, the Anaconda has been validated. Categories: Civil War. On April 19, 1861, a week after the bombardment of Fort Sumter that marked the outbreak of the war, he announced that the ports of all the seceded states, from South Carolina to Texas, would be blockaded; later, when Virginia and North Carolina also seceded, their coastlines were added. Because Congress was not in session to authorize presidential initiatives to suppress the rebellion, the burden of raising troops for the war fell on the loyal state governments. In fact, not a man on the Union side was killed. [12], Again, the Army under Halleck did not grasp the opportunity that was provided. At the same time, securing the river would sever the Southern states into two parts, making it difficult for Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas to supply the eastern portion of the Confederacy with men, food, and other materials of war. The Beginning of the American Civil War . Virginia, also a border state, had already seceded by the time the Anaconda was proposed. The culminating battle would be for the forts below New Orleans. [38], Union military strategy for suppressing the Confederacy established at the beginning of the American Civil War, Wolfe, B. Anaconda Plan.

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